A homeowners association (HOA) is a legal entity formed by a real estate developer or by the owners of a property or community, for the purpose of managing the common areas and enforcing rules and regulations for the properties within the community. These rules and regulations are typically outlined in the community's bylaws and covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CC&Rs).

An HOA is typically governed by a board of directors elected by the homeowners, and is responsible for maintaining and managing common areas, enforcing community rules, and collecting assessments from homeowners to pay for these expenses. The HOA may also have the authority to enforce architectural guidelines and approve or deny changes to individual properties. The association's power and responsibilities vary from state to state and also the community's bylaws.